Chilean, sometimes spelled as Chile, Cili, or Cile, is a sovereign state in the Americas, located in the southeastern part of South America. The country's official name is the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile), with the capital and administrative center in the city of Santiago.
Chile are usually grouped into three zona.Zona first called continental Chile, or the mainland of Chile, in the form of a narrow lane on the west coast of the Southern Cone, which is mostly stretching from the southeast coast of the Pacific Ocean to the Andes, between 17º29'57 "latitude and 56º32 ' LS, along km.Lebar 4,270 maximum reach 445 km in 52º21 'LS until the Strait of Magellan, a minimum width of 90 km at 31º37' LS between Punta Amolanas and Paso de la Casa de Piedra, and the average width is 175 km.Chili bordering on land with Peru to the north, Bolivia and Argentina to the east, all along the 6,339 km, [8] and on the south by the Drake Passage. together Ecuador, Chile is a country in South America that do not border land with Brazil. the second zone is called the Chilean insular ( Chilean archipelago), in the form of a set of volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean, the Juan Fernández Islands and Desventuradas islands that are part of South America, as well as Isla Salas y Gómez and Easter Island which is geographically located in Polynesia. The third zone is the Chilean Antarctic Territory, [9] which is a zone covering an area of 1,250,257.6 km² in Antarctica, between 53 ° W and 90 ° W is claimed to Chile as part of its sovereign territory, borders in the south to the South Pole. This claim is suspended in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty System, [10] in which Chile is one of the participants, whereas this treaty ketidakturutsertaan system will require Chili release their claim. Because of its location in the Americas, Oceania, and Antarctica; Chile declared itself as a 'country of three continents'.
In addition, Chile also holds the exclusive rights, claims in varying degrees and sovereignty over the maritime area, called the Chilean sea. [13] The area of maritime consists of four parts: the territorial sea (120 827 km²), contiguous zones (131 669 km² ), the exclusive economic zone (3,681,989 km²), and the corresponding continental shelf (145 194 km²), [14] which is also a part of the territory Chili.Chili has a coastline of 6435 km, while its Pacific coastline is along the 78 563 , 2 kilometers.
The climate in Chile is varied, ranging from desert climates of the driest in the world (Atacama Desert) to the north, past the Mediterranean climate in the center, until the climate was rainy in the south. [18] According to its land area, Chile categorized great country rank 38th in world, which amount approximately equal to the island of Borneo. Desert in northern contains abundant mineral wealth, principally copper is. The central region is relatively narrow in this country dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is a center of culture and politics that became the basis of the expansion of Chile in the late 19th century, when he absorbed the northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and meadows, and there are several volcanoes and lakes. Southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, alcoves, channels, winding peninsula and archipelago systems.
Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under the Inca Empire, while the Mapuche indigenous people inhabiting parts of central and southern Chile. Chile declared its independence from Spain on February 12, 1818. During the War of the Pacific (1879-1883), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won the northern territories. Mapuche tribe are fully subject to the prior decade an.Meskipun 1880 is relatively free from arbitrary government power struggles and disrupting South America, Chile suffered 17 years of military dictatorship (1973-1990) under Augusto Pinochet, who became the cause for death or disappearance of 3,000 human ,
Today, Chile has one of the most prosperous and stable in the United Selatandan recognized as a middle power in the region itu.Chili nations lead Latin America in terms of peace, competitiveness, economic freedom, and the perception of corruption rendah.Dengan total population exceeding 17 million people, Chile is one of the countries with the quality of life, economic development, human development index, per capita income, and the index globalisasitertinggi in Latin America. Chile also regionally ranked high in terms of press freedom and democratic development. However, Chile has a high economic inequality, as seen in the measurement of coefficient Gini.Pada In May 2010, Chile became the first country in South America to join in OECD.Chili is a founding member of the United Nations and the Union of South American Nations.
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